Question 1

Which of the following best describes the hierarchical levels of body organization from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

A patient is experiencing low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted to restore homeostasis, and what is the mechanism called?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone; negative feedback

Question 3

Which of the following chemical bonds is responsible for the attraction between water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 4

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-7}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 7$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na$$^+$$ ions out of the cell and 2 K$$^+$$ ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Combining two amino acids to form a dipeptide and water

Question 7

A red blood cell is placed in a 0.9% NaCl solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same size because the solution is isotonic.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export out of the cell

Question 10

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting the structure of collagen is most likely to have problems with which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Simple epithelium has one layer; stratified has multiple layers.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Protection against pathogens and dehydration

Question 14

A patient presents with a burn that affects both the epidermis and the entire dermis. How would this burn be classified?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a hyaline cartilage model during development.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating molarity ($$M) of a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts resorb and break down bone matrix.

Question 18

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Pathological fractures

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}) $$needed for muscle contraction.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.

BIO 131: Anatomy and Physiology I – Syllabus and Course Structure Study Guide

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