Q: A solution has a pH of 5. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[\mathrm{H^+}]) in $$this solution?

$$[\mathrm{H^+}] = 1 \times 10$$^{-5}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$$ ATPase) in maintaining the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports $$\mathrm{3\ Na^+}$$ out of the cell and $$\mathrm{2\ K^+}$$ into the cell, using ATP, creating an electrochemical gradient.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, blistered, and painful, but does not extend through the entire dermis. Which type of burn does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why a buffer is important in human blood?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the pH of blood by minimizing changes in hydrogen ion concentration ($$[\mathrm{H^+}]).$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber, starting from the arrival of an action potential at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Release of acetylcholine $$\rightarrow$$ depolarization of sarcolemma $$\rightarrow$$ calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum $$\rightarrow$$ cross-bridge formation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones; spongy bone is porous and found at the ends of long bones.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 5. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[\mathrm{H^+}]) in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[\mathrm{H^+}] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in the brain?

Accepted Answer

It regulates homeostatic functions such as temperature, hunger, and hormone release.

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It contains intercalated discs that allow rapid electrical communication between cells.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces a hyaline cartilage model, forming most bones of the body.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why a person with a deficiency in parathyroid hormone (PTH) may develop hypocalcemia?

Accepted Answer

PTH stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood; without it, blood calcium levels decrease.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division increases heart rate and dilates pupils; the parasympathetic division decreases heart rate and stimulates digestion.

Question 12

A patient is given a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at the neuromuscular junction. What is the most likely effect on skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction will be prolonged due to increased acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP is required for the detachment of myosin heads from actin filaments during the cross-bridge cycle.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

An action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic terminal, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution will swell and possibly burst?

Accepted Answer

Water moves into the cell by osmosis due to a higher solute concentration inside the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Protection against mechanical injury, pathogens, and water loss

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between a ligand-gated ion channel and a voltage-gated ion channel?

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated channels open in response to binding of a specific molecule, while voltage-gated channels open in response to changes in membrane potential.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as amino acids.

BIO 137 Anatomy I Cumulative Final Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards