Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining selective permeability.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that affects both the epidermis and the entire dermis, resulting in a loss of sensation and a leathery appearance. Which degree of burn is this, and what is the primary life-threatening risk associated with it?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; risk of dehydration and infection due to loss of skin barrier.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration, and how many ATP molecules are produced in aerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 36\mathrm{ATP} $$ ; 36 ATP

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification forms flat bones directly from mesenchyme, while endochondral ossification forms long bones from a cartilage model.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Which type of gradient is responsible for the movement of water, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Osmotic gradient; the cell will shrink as water leaves.

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue compared to other muscle types?

Accepted Answer

It contains intercalated discs for rapid cell-to-cell communication.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

During mitosis, the parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between cations and anions?

Accepted Answer

Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons, while anions are negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the sagittal plane?

Accepted Answer

It divides the body into left and right sections.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in bone tissue regulation?

Accepted Answer

PTH stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption, raising blood calcium levels.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It forms protective barriers and is avascular.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-} + \mathrm{H^+} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H_2CO_3} $$

Question 16

Which of the following is a major function of the skin's eccrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Producing sweat for thermoregulation.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated by ribosomes into a polypeptide chain.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{A} + \mathrm{B} \rightarrow \mathrm{AB} $$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the passage of substances between adjacent cells, maintaining tissue integrity.

BIO 137 Anatomy I Cumulative Final Study Guide: Structured Notes

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