Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and providing immune defense

Question 2

A patient presents with edema (swelling) in their lower limbs. Which malfunction of the lymphatic system most likely explains this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of lymphatic vessels preventing fluid return to the circulatory system

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 4

During vigorous exercise, which physiological change occurs to maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and vasodilation to enhance oxygen delivery to muscles

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the small intestine has villi and microvilli?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 6

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has difficulty with gas exchange. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar membrane

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the body's metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 8

If a person is dehydrated, which hormone will be released to conserve water, and what is its primary target organ?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); kidney

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the nephron in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood, reabsorbs needed substances, and excretes waste as urine

Question 10

A patient has a blood pH of 7.25. Which physiological mechanism will the body use to help restore normal pH?

Accepted Answer

Increase respiratory rate to expel more $$CO_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of structures that food passes through in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the function of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse during exhalation

Question 13

Which equation represents the calculation of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \dfrac{1}{3} (SBP - DBP) + DBP$$

Question 14

A person with type 1 diabetes mellitus is unable to produce which hormone, and what is the primary effect on blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; blood glucose increases

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

It carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver for processing

Question 16

Which process is primarily responsible for the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 17

A patient is found to have a deficiency in vitamin K. Which physiological process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the negative feedback mechanism in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

An increase in blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the stomach has a low pH?

Accepted Answer

To activate pepsinogen to pepsin for protein digestion

BIO 208 - Anatomy and Physiology II Syllabus and Course Structure

Study Guide - Practice Questions