Question 1

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward, feet slightly apart

Question 2

A patient presents with a comminuted fracture of the femur. Which of the following best describes a comminuted fracture?

Accepted Answer

A fracture where the bone is crushed and splintered into several pieces

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the effector in a homeostatic control mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Receives output from the control center and produces a response to change the variable

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle of the heart has a thicker myocardium than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the systemic circuit, which requires higher pressure

Question 5

A patient with type O negative blood is considered a universal donor. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Type O negative blood contains no A, B, or Rh antigens, so it is less likely to cause an immune reaction

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It decreases surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse during expiration

Question 7

A patient is unable to produce sufficient insulin. Which of the following best describes the effect on blood glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels will increase due to decreased cellular uptake

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

It reabsorbs water and sodium chloride, concentrating the urine

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of depolarization during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions move into the cell, making the inside more positive

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with Graves' disease. Which hormone is most likely to be elevated in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcomere in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It is the functional unit of contraction, shortening as actin and myosin filaments slide past each other

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the pleural cavity?

Accepted Answer

It is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura, containing serous fluid

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph and house immune cells that destroy pathogens

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of tubular reabsorption in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive cycle?

Accepted Answer

It produces estrogen and progesterone to maintain the uterine lining

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

It carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

It raises blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity

Question 19

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness and fatigue. Laboratory results show low levels of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Which of the following best explains the effect on muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction will be impaired due to decreased stimulation of muscle fibers

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the villi in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients

BIO 210: Comprehensive Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology I

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards