Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

To return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and provide immune defense

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a viral infection. Which cell type is most likely to directly destroy the infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered an innate (nonspecific) defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Antibody production

Question 4

Which statement correctly differentiates between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is nonspecific and lacks memory; adaptive immunity is specific and has memory.

Question 5

Which of the following cells acts as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) to activate T cells?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 6

Which antibody is produced first during a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 7

A virus targets CD4 receptors to invade T-cells. Which virus is this?

Accepted Answer

HIV

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They warn neighboring cells of viral infection, inducing antiviral protein production.

Question 9

Which cell type displays the CD8 receptor and is involved in cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 10

During T-cell 'training,' where does the process of gaining immunocompetence occur?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 11

Which of the following is a property that distinguishes adaptive immunity from innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Specificity for particular antigens and memory of past exposures

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of Vital Capacity (VC) in respiratory volumes?

Accepted Answer

VC = TV + IRV + ERV

Question 14

According to Dalton’s Law, the total pressure of a gas mixture is:

Accepted Answer

The sum of the partial pressures of each gas

Question 15

Which of the following is the main muscle responsible for quiet inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 16

A patient with emphysema has difficulty with gas exchange. Which structural change in the lungs is most responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Thickening of the respiratory membrane

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?

Accepted Answer

$$TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why breathing into a paper bag can reduce hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

It increases CO2 inhalation, restoring blood pH toward normal.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of Henry’s Law?

Accepted Answer

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure.

Question 20

A patient is given albuterol for an asthma attack. What effect does albuterol have on the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

It dilates the bronchioles, decreasing airway resistance.

BIO 2460 Exam 2 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions