Question 1

Which hormone is produced by the pancreas and is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Which hormone is most likely elevated in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 3

Which of the following is a steroid hormone that regulates sodium and potassium balance in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 4

Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina?

Accepted Answer

Lens

Question 5

The ossicles of the middle ear, in order from the tympanic membrane to the oval window, are:

Accepted Answer

Malleus, incus, stapes

Question 6

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 7

Which photoreceptor is responsible for color vision and functions best in bright light?

Accepted Answer

Cones

Question 8

A patient with Addison’s disease has a deficiency in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 9

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting auditory information from the cochlea to the brain?

Accepted Answer

VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve)

Question 10

Which structure in the inner ear is primarily responsible for detecting static equilibrium (position of the head relative to gravity)?

Accepted Answer

Utricle and saccule

Question 11

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 12

A patient has a tumor that destroys the adrenal medulla. Which hormone would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which external eye muscle is innervated by the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV) and is responsible for moving the eye downward and laterally?

Accepted Answer

Superior oblique

Question 14

Which hormone is a protein hormone that stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 15

Which part of the eye contains the highest concentration of cones and is responsible for sharp central vision?

Accepted Answer

Fovea centralis

Question 16

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 17

A patient is unable to move their eye laterally. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Abducens nerve (VI)

Question 18

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and acts to increase blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 19

Which structure in the ear is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals for the brain to interpret as sound?

Accepted Answer

Cochlea

Question 20

Which hormone is classified as a steroid hormone and is primarily responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

BIO163 Endocrine, Eye, and Ear Study Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards