Question 1

Which of the following best describes a trace element in the human body?

Accepted Answer

An element required in minute quantities for proper physiological function.

Question 2

A patient presents with a large swelling in the neck, later diagnosed as a goiter. Which trace element deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 3

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons always equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

Question 4

How many electrons can the second electron shell of an atom hold?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 6

Which of the following is a compound, not a molecule composed of only one element?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaCl}$$

Question 7

A water molecule ($$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}) is $$held together by which type of bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consists of two or more atoms bonded together, while a compound consists of two or more different elements bonded together.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of sodium chloride from its elements?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na} + \mathrm{Cl} \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of an imbalance in trace elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Development of goiter due to iodine deficiency

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why atoms form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

To achieve a full outer electron shell and become more stable

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water ($$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O})$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the distribution of elements in the human body is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the human body.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the behavior of electrons in a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared between two atoms.

Question 15

A patient is found to have a deficiency in iron. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen transport in the blood

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the stability of atoms?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when their outermost electron shell is full.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of ions?

Accepted Answer

An atom that loses an electron becomes a cation.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life application of the concept 'you are what you eat' in biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

The glucose from plants is metabolized and used to build human tissues.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the emergent properties of compounds?

Accepted Answer

Compounds have unique properties not found in the individual elements that compose them.

Biochemistry Foundations: Elements, Atoms, and Chemical Bonds in the Human Body

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