Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the lymphatic system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It returns interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and provides immune defense.

Question 2

A patient receives a blood transfusion with type B blood, but their blood type is type A. Which immune response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The patient's immune system will produce anti-B antibodies, leading to agglutination.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 4

During intense exercise, which physiological change occurs to increase oxygen delivery to muscles?

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary exchange and increased cardiac output

Question 5

A patient with a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Increased urine output and dehydration

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is non-specific and present at birth, while adaptive immunity is specific and develops after exposure to antigens.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

Atrial systole → ventricular systole → ventricular diastole

Question 8

A person is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which of the following compensatory mechanisms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased respiratory rate to decrease $$CO_2$$ levels

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of glomerular filtration in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water and solutes from the blood into the Bowman's capsule due to hydrostatic pressure

Question 10

A patient with a blocked lymphatic vessel in the lower limb is most likely to develop which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Edema due to accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 11

Which of the following formulas correctly calculates mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3} (SBP - DBP) + DBP$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions within the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for reactions, increasing the rate of digestion.

Question 13

A patient is found to have a low forced vital capacity (FVC) on spirometry. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Restrictive lung disease

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli due to partial pressure gradients.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the male reproductive system that is regulated by the hormone testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules

Question 16

A patient with a mutation affecting the structure of hemoglobin is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired oxygen transport in the blood

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of tubular reabsorption in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood

Question 18

Which of the following statements about capillary exchange is correct?

Accepted Answer

Capillary exchange is driven by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures, allowing nutrients and wastes to move between blood and tissues.

Question 19

A patient with chronic kidney disease is unable to regulate electrolyte balance. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia due to decreased potassium excretion

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of antibody-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes produce specific antibodies that bind to antigens, marking them for destruction.

BIOL-238: Principles of Human Anatomy and Physiology 2 – Syllabus and Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions