Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes are highly efficient at transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

They have a biconcave shape, lack a nucleus, and are packed with hemoglobin.

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory tests reveal microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Which is the most likely underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency

Question 3

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chains, each with a heme group containing iron.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating erythropoiesis, and where is it mainly produced?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin; kidney

Question 5

A person with type AB blood can safely receive blood from which of the following blood types?

Accepted Answer

Types A, B, AB, and O

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug by adhering to exposed collagen and releasing chemical messengers.

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with hemophilia A. Which clotting factor is deficient in this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 8

Which of the following white blood cells is most abundant and is known as a 'bacteria slayer' due to its phagocytic activity?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 9

A patient with a suppressed or destroyed red bone marrow is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Aplastic anemia

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin, which then converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of albumin in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a major blood buffer and maintains osmotic pressure.

Question 12

A patient with a high number of atypical agranulocytes and symptoms of fatigue, sore throat, and low fever is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Infectious mononucleosis

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of several clotting factors.

Question 14

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of basophils?

Accepted Answer

They have large, purplish-black granules containing histamine.

Question 15

A thrombus that breaks away from the vessel wall and circulates in the bloodstream is called:

Accepted Answer

An embolus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme group from destroyed erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to bilirubin and excreted in bile.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of monocytes after they leave the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

They differentiate into macrophages and phagocytize pathogens.

Question 18

A patient is given a drug that enhances antithrombin III activity. What is the expected effect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased thrombin activity and reduced clotting

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a person with thrombocytopenia is at risk for spontaneous bleeding?

Accepted Answer

They have a deficient number of circulating platelets, impairing clot formation.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is the removal of unneeded clots by plasmin digesting fibrin.

Blood and the Cardiovascular System: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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