Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

A patient with blood type B can safely receive which of the following blood types in a transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Type B and Type O

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

What is the primary stimulus for increased erythropoietin (EPO) secretion by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues (hypoxia)

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reversible reaction for carbon dioxide transport in blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_2CO_3 \rightleftharpoons $$HCO_3$$^- + H^+}$$

Question 6

A patient with anemia due to chronic kidney disease is most likely to benefit from which of the following treatments?

Accepted Answer

Recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) therapy

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes lack mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the use of oxygen they transport

Question 8

During hemostasis, what is the role of platelets in the formation of a platelet plug?

Accepted Answer

They adhere to exposed collagen and release chemicals that promote aggregation

Question 9

Which of the following is a possible consequence of polycythemia in an athlete who abuses EPO?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of clotting, stroke, or heart failure

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme portion of hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is degraded to bilirubin, which is excreted in bile

Question 11

A person with type O blood is considered a universal donor for red blood cell transfusions because:

Accepted Answer

Their red blood cells lack A and B antigens

Question 12

Which of the following steps occurs first during the process of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why a deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to anemia?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis in developing erythrocytes

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the common pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Prothrombin \rightarrow Thrombin \rightarrow Fibrinogen \rightarrow Fibrin}$$

Question 15

A patient with anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma can safely receive which type of blood?

Accepted Answer

Type O

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the fibrinolytic system?

Accepted Answer

It dissolves clots after tissue repair is complete

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a major blood buffer

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why leukocytes are considered 'complete cells' compared to erythrocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

They contain a nucleus and organelles

Question 19

A reticulocyte count is useful in evaluating which of the following clinical scenarios?

Accepted Answer

The body's ability to produce new red blood cells

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of testosterone on erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates increased EPO production, leading to higher hematocrit in males

Blood: Composition, Function, and Hemostasis (Chapter 17 Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions