Q: A patient presents with symptoms of anemia. Laboratory tests reveal a decreased hematocrit and low hemoglobin levels. Which equation best represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Hematocrit $$= \frac{\text{Volume of erythrocytes}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Q: Which of the following equations best represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single erythrocyte?

Oxygen-carrying capacity $$= 4 \times \text{number of hemoglobin molecules per cell}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the composition of blood after centrifugation, as shown in the provided diagram?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes form the bottom layer, plasma forms the top layer, and leukocytes/platelets form a thin middle layer called the buffy coat.

Question 2

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 3

A patient presents with symptoms of anemia. Laboratory tests reveal a decreased hematocrit and low hemoglobin levels. Which equation best represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

Hematocrit $$= \frac{	ext{Volume of erythrocytes}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support for organs

Question 5

A person with blood type O can donate blood to which of the following recipients without causing an agglutination reaction?

Accepted Answer

To type A, B, AB, and O recipients

Question 6

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave disks specialized for gas transport.

Question 7

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and is the first to respond to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

During hemostasis, which step involves platelets adhering to exposed collagen and releasing granule contents?

Accepted Answer

Platelet plug formation

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why individuals with sickle cell trait have increased resistance to malaria?

Accepted Answer

Sickled cells are less likely to be infected by malaria parasites.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for erythropoiesis, the production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Stem cell → Proerythroblast → Reticulocyte → Erythrocyte

Question 11

Which plasma protein is essential for blood clot formation?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 12

A patient with hemolytic anemia is most likely to have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Premature destruction of red blood cells

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen-carrying capacity $$= 4 	imes 	ext{number of hemoglobin molecules per cell}$$

Question 14

Which leukocyte is primarily involved in allergic reactions and releases histamine?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Rh antigen system?

Accepted Answer

Rh-positive individuals express Rh antigens on their erythrocytes.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Plugging small holes in blood vessels and releasing factors for coagulation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of monocytes after they leave the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

They become wandering macrophages and clean up microbes and debris.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Crowding out of normal blood cells, leading to anemia, bleeding, and immunodeficiency

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Type O individuals lack both A and B antigens on their erythrocytes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a major function of globulins in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Immune responses and transport of lipids and hormones

Blood: Composition, Functions, and Clinical Relevance

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