Q: Which of the following equations best represents the chemical reaction when silver nitrate is used to cauterize a nosebleed?

$$\mathrm{$$AgNO_3$$ + Tissue\ Proteins \rightarrow Ag\text{-}protein\ complex + $$HNO_3$$}$$

Question 1

A patient receives a blood transfusion and develops fever, chills, back pain, and dark urine within an hour. Which of the following best explains the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Immediate hemolytic reaction due to pre-existing ABO antibodies attacking foreign antigens

Question 2

Which of the following equations best represents the chemical reaction when silver nitrate is used to cauterize a nosebleed?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{$$AgNO_3$$ + Tissue\ Proteins ightarrow Ag	ext{-}protein\ complex + $$HNO_3$$}$$

Question 3

A woman with blood type O− is pregnant with a man who is AB+. Which of the following is true regarding the risk to their baby?

Accepted Answer

The baby is at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn if the mother is already sensitized to Rh antigen.

Question 4

Which white blood cell type is most likely to be elevated in a patient with a parasitic infection and what is its key identifying feature?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil; bi-lobed nucleus and prominent red granules

Question 5

A patient with sickle cell disease is experiencing severe pain and anemia. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped, leading to vessel blockage and hemolysis.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes why LDL cholesterol increases the risk of heart attack?

Accepted Answer

LDL deposits in artery walls form plaques that can rupture, triggering clot formation and blocking blood flow.

Question 7

A blood sample agglutinates with anti-A and anti-D (Rh) serum, but not with anti-B serum. What is the blood type?

Accepted Answer

A+

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the inheritance of sickle cell disease?

Accepted Answer

A person must inherit two copies of the mutated HBB gene to have sickle cell disease.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why Rh-negative mothers are given RhoGAM during and after pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the mother from producing anti-Rh antibodies that could attack fetal red blood cells in future pregnancies.

Question 10

A patient presents with low hemoglobin, pale and small red blood cells, and a history of chronic blood loss. What is the most likely type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between the ABO and Rh blood group systems?

Accepted Answer

ABO antibodies are present at birth, while anti-Rh antibodies are produced only after exposure.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of neutrophils in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They are the first white blood cells to arrive at infection sites and phagocytose bacteria.

Question 13

A patient with a history of asthma presents with an elevated eosinophil count. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils are elevated due to an allergic/immune response.

Question 14

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the normal hemostatic response to blood vessel injury?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of red blood cells

Question 15

A patient with anemia has large, pale red blood cells and a history of poor dietary intake. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anemia

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between fibrous and complicated plaques in atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous plaques have a stable lipid core and thick cap, while complicated plaques have a ruptured cap and high risk of thrombosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step if a hemolytic transfusion reaction is suspected?

Accepted Answer

Stop the transfusion immediately

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why type O individuals are considered universal donors for red blood cell transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Their red blood cells lack A and B antigens, so they are not attacked by recipient antibodies.

Question 19

A patient with mononucleosis is found to have elevated lymphocytes and atypical lymphocytes on a CBC. Which virus is most commonly responsible?

Accepted Answer

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Blood Physiology: Blood Types, Immune Reactions, and Disorders

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