Q: Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating hematocrit ($$Hct) $$given the volume of packed red blood cells ($$V_{RBC}) $$and the total blood volume ($$V_{total}$$)?

$$Hct = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of erythrocytes in human blood?

Accepted Answer

They transport oxygen and carbon dioxide using hemoglobin.

Question 2

A blood sample is centrifuged and separates into three layers. Which layer contains the majority of the plasma proteins, and what percentage of whole blood does this layer typically represent?

Accepted Answer

The plasma layer; 55% of whole blood

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating hematocrit ($$Hct) $$given the volume of packed red blood cells ($$V_{RBC}) $$and the total blood volume ($$V_{total}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{V_{RBC}}{V_{total}} 	imes 100$$

Question 4

A patient’s blood smear is stained with Wright’s stain. The cell with a multilobed nucleus and pale lavender granules is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 5

Which of the following statements about plasma is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is composed of 90% water and contains dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

Question 6

A person with type AB- blood can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Type AB- and type O-

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why agglutination occurs during an incompatible blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Agglutinins in the recipient’s plasma bind to agglutinogens on donor RBCs, causing clumping.

Question 8

Which of the following white blood cells is most likely to be elevated in a patient with a parasitic infection?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 9

A blood sample is mixed with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D sera. Agglutination occurs with anti-B and anti-D only. What is the blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type B+

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug by adhering to damaged blood vessels and release chemicals that promote clotting.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order of leukocytes from most to least abundant in peripheral blood?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil

Question 12

A patient has a hematocrit of 60%. Which of the following conditions is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the staining properties of eosin in Wright’s stain?

Accepted Answer

Eosin is an acidic dye that stains basic cell components red or pink.

Question 14

A patient with type O- blood requires a transfusion. Which of the following donor blood types is safest to use?

Accepted Answer

Type O-

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells are biconcave in shape?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for gas exchange and allow flexibility in capillaries.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of monocytes?

Accepted Answer

They differentiate into macrophages in tissues and phagocytize pathogens and debris.

Question 17

A patient’s blood sample shows agglutination with anti-A and anti-D sera, but not with anti-B. What is the patient’s blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type A+

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between agglutination and coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination is the clumping of RBCs due to antibody-antigen reactions, while coagulation is the formation of a fibrin clot to stop bleeding.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of albumin in plasma?

Accepted Answer

It maintains osmotic pressure and transports substances in the blood.

Question 20

A patient’s differential white blood cell count shows 80% neutrophils, 10% lymphocytes, 5% monocytes, 3% eosinophils, and 2% basophils. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Acute bacterial infection

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