Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of erythrocytes}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the composition of blood after centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

Plasma forms the top layer (about 55%), the buffy coat (leukocytes and platelets) forms the middle layer (about 1%), and erythrocytes form the bottom layer (about 44%).

Question 2

What is the primary function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining osmotic pressure by drawing water into the blood by osmosis

Question 3

A patient with cirrhosis is likely to develop severe abdominal edema (ascites). Which plasma protein deficiency is most directly responsible for this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 5

If a blood sample has a hematocrit of 44%, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

44% of the blood volume is composed of erythrocytes

Question 6

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes are biconcave discs that lack a nucleus and most organelles.

Question 7

Which plasma component is responsible for the transport of hydrophobic molecules such as lipids?

Accepted Answer

Transport proteins

Question 8

A blood sample is analyzed and found to have a high percentage of neutrophils. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The patient is fighting a bacterial infection.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of erythrocytes}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 10

Which plasma protein is most directly involved in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Clotting proteins (such as fibrinogen)

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct match between a formed element and its function?

Accepted Answer

Platelets: blood clotting

Question 12

Which of the following is the most abundant plasma component by percentage?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 13

A patient’s blood sample is centrifuged and the buffy coat is found to be abnormally large. What could this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The patient has an increased number of leukocytes and platelets.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

Carrying oxygen directly

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the buffy coat is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It makes up about 1% of total blood volume and contains leukocytes and platelets.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of blood that directly relates to the regulation of body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Blood transports heat generated as a byproduct of chemical reactions away from tissues.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the differentiation of erythrocytes from hematopoietic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell → erythrocyte-CFU → proerythroblast → erythroblast → reticulocyte → erythrocyte

Question 18

Which of the following white blood cells is most abundant in a normal differential count?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 19

Which plasma component is primarily responsible for acid-base homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Ions

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world application of blood analysis in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Blood analysis is used to diagnose anemia by measuring hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration.

Blood: Structure, Composition, and Function

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