Question 1

Which plasma protein is most abundant and primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting fatty acids, thyroid hormones, and steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 2

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and eyes. Which process is most likely impaired, leading to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Excretion of bilirubin by the liver

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of a red blood cell and its functional advantage?

Accepted Answer

Bioconcave disk shape increases surface area and flexibility for gas exchange

Question 4

During the coagulation phase of hemostasis, which sequence of events occurs?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin, which then converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 5

A person with blood type O negative is considered a universal donor. Which of the following explains why?

Accepted Answer

Type O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, so recipient antibodies do not react

Question 6

Which white blood cell is primarily responsible for defending against multicellular parasites and is activated by allergens?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 7

A patient with iron deficiency anemia has a normal RBC count but low hemoglobin levels. Which dietary factor is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of blood that helps stabilize body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Blood absorbs heat from muscles and redistributes it to other tissues and skin for evaporation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells from myeloid stem cells through proerythroblast and erythroblast stages

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. Which molecular abnormality is responsible for the sickling of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the recycling of aged or damaged red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages in the liver and spleen phagocytize RBCs, breaking hemoglobin into heme and globin

Question 12

Which plasma protein is converted to fibrin during the coagulation phase of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 13

Which of the following white blood cells is responsible for cell-mediated immunity and attacks foreign cells directly?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Question 14

A blood sample is drawn from the median cubital vein. Which sampling method is being used and why is it preferred?

Accepted Answer

Venipuncture; veins are easier to locate and have lower blood pressure

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a property of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which phase of hemostasis involves the contraction of vessel walls to slow bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Vascular phase

Question 17

Which condition is characterized by inadequate production of a clotting factor due to a genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Question 18

Which of the following statements about blood viscosity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Blood is 5 times more viscous than water

Question 19

Which equation best represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prothrombinase} + 	ext{Prothrombin} ightarrow 	ext{Thrombin}$$

Question 20

Which equation best represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single RBC?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hb} + 4	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 	ext{HbO}_2$$

Blood: Structure, Function, and Cellular Components (Anatomy & Physiology II, Chapter 19)

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