Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of erythrocytes}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and tissues

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory results show a low hematocrit and microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting substances in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

A person with blood type O negative is considered a universal donor for red blood cell transfusions. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Their red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis after a blood vessel is injured?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation → Retraction → Fibrinolysis

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which hormone deficiency is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of erythrocytes}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 8

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood but is type A. What will happen as a result of this incompatibility?

Accepted Answer

The recipient's anti-B antibodies will agglutinate the donor's B antigens, causing hemolysis

Question 9

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and is primarily responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 10

A climber at high altitude experiences increased erythropoiesis. Which physiological mechanism best explains this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Increased erythropoietin secretion in response to hypoxia

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrinogen in the blood?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to fibrin, forming the meshwork of a blood clot

Question 12

A patient with hemophilia is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty forming blood clots due to lack of clotting factors

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why polycythemia can be dangerous for athletes who practice blood doping?

Accepted Answer

It increases blood viscosity, raising the risk of clotting and stroke

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens on red blood cells

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme group from hemoglobin after red blood cells are destroyed?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to bilirubin, transported to the liver, and excreted in bile

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{O}_2\ 	ext{carrying capacity} = 	ext{Hemoglobin (g/dL)} 	imes 1.34\ 	ext{mL O}_2/	ext{g}$$

Question 17

A newborn develops jaundice due to hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

The mother is Rh negative and has developed anti-Rh antibodies that cross the placenta

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of leukocytes out of the bloodstream into tissues

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

Killing parasitic worms and modulating allergic responses

Question 20

A patient with thrombocytopenia is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bleeding due to insufficient platelet plug formation

Blood: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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