$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of erythrocytes}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Question 2

A centrifuged blood sample separates into three layers. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Middle layer (buffy coat)

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

Hemoglobin is composed of four polypeptide subunits. What is the correct combination of these subunits in adult hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Two alpha and two beta chains

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the heme group in hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

It binds to oxygen via its central iron ion ($$Fe^{2+})$$

Question 6

A patient with sickle-cell disease has abnormal hemoglobin. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 7

Which process describes the production of all formed elements in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoiesis

Question 8

During a complete blood count (CBC), which of the following is NOT typically measured?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose concentration

Question 9

Which type of leukocyte is most prevalent in a normal blood sample and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 10

A patient with a parasitic worm infection is likely to have an increased number of which leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in hemostasis and clot formation

Question 12

Which step in hemostasis involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Question 13

A patient with blood type B− can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

O−

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the universal donor and universal recipient is correct?

Accepted Answer

Type O− is the universal donor; type AB+ is the universal recipient

Question 15

If a blood sample agglutinates with anti-A and anti-Rh (anti-D) antibodies but not with anti-B, what is the blood type?

Accepted Answer

A+

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O− blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Their erythrocytes lack A, B, and Rh antigens

Question 17

A patient is experiencing excessive bleeding after a minor injury. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A deficiency in clotting proteins

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of erythrocytes}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100\%$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fate of old or damaged erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

They are phagocytized by macrophages in the spleen and liver

Question 20

A patient with pernicious anemia is most likely suffering from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased hematocrit due to vitamin B12 deficiency

Blood: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Study Guide - Practice Questions