Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single erythrocyte?

$$4 \text{ O}_2 \text{ molecules per hemoglobin} \times 250,000,000 \text{ hemoglobin molecules per RBC}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen to body tissues

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. Laboratory results show a hematocrit of 30%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and plays a major role in maintaining osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A blood sample is centrifuged. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the development of a mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Hemocytoblast → Proerythroblast → Reticulocyte → Erythrocyte

Question 6

A person with type A blood has which of the following antibodies in their plasma?

Accepted Answer

Anti-B

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are biconcave in shape?

Accepted Answer

To increase their flexibility and surface area for gas exchange

Question 8

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating erythropoiesis, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin, produced by the kidneys

Question 9

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin B12 is most likely to develop which type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

$$4 	ext{ O}_2 	ext{ molecules per hemoglobin} 	imes 250,000,000 	ext{ hemoglobin molecules per RBC}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug by adhering to exposed collagen fibers at the injury site.

Question 12

A patient receives a transfusion of mismatched blood. Which of the following is the most immediate risk?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor erythrocytes

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining osmotic pressure and acting as a buffer

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why a person with sickle-cell anemia experiences pain and organ damage during a crisis?

Accepted Answer

Sickled erythrocytes block small blood vessels, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which digests fibrin

Question 16

A patient with a platelet count of 30,000/mm³ is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous bleeding and petechiae

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of several clotting factors.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

The intrinsic pathway is triggered by negatively charged surfaces, while the extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor.

Question 20

A newborn develops jaundice due to high levels of bilirubin. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown and excretion of heme from erythrocytes

Blood: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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