Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 65%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and water balance in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

A person with type AB+ blood is considered a universal recipient for blood transfusions. Which of the following explains why?

Accepted Answer

They have both A and B antigens and no anti-A or anti-B antibodies

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of CO$$_2 to $$bicarbonate in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \rightarrow H_2CO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 6

A patient with a genetic defect resulting in abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sickled, fragile RBCs and hemolytic anemia

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of vitamin K in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

It is necessary for the synthesis of several clotting factors

Question 8

A patient with a platelet count of 15,000/mm$$^3 is at $$risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Catastrophic bleeding and purpura

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why a person with chronic iron deficiency anemia has microcytic, hypochromic RBCs?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency impairs hemoglobin synthesis, resulting in small, pale RBCs

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the blood clotting cascade?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin; thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 11

A newborn develops jaundice, anemia, and heart failure shortly after birth. The mother is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 12

Which of the following white blood cells is most numerous and primarily responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 13

A patient with a WBC count of 2,000/mm$$^3 is $$most accurately described as having:

Accepted Answer

Leukopenia

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of B lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Secreting antibodies as plasma cells

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Which of the following findings is most characteristic of this disease?

Accepted Answer

Marked granulocytic leukocytosis and splenomegaly

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and other clotting factors

Question 17

A patient with a history of repeated deep muscle hemorrhages and joint pain is found to have a deficiency of factor VIII. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of Coumadin (warfarin) on blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the synthesis of prothrombin, delaying clotting

Question 19

A patient with a history of alcoholism and poor nutrition presents with anemia. Laboratory results show low folate and decreased RBC count. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Folate deficiency anemia

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They aggregate to form a plug and release clotting factors

Blood: Structure, Function, and Disorders

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