Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for endocrine organs

Question 2

A centrifuged tube of whole blood separates into three layers. Which layer contains the majority of white blood cells and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and is primarily responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and dyspnea. Laboratory results show a hematocrit of 30%. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains, each with a heme group

Question 6

What is the primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin (EPO) from the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Low blood oxygen levels (hypoxia)

Question 7

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which of the following best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin

Question 8

Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of four clotting factors and is often deficient in patients with liver disease?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dissolution of a blood clot by plasmin

Question 10

A patient receives a mismatched blood transfusion. Which of the following is the most immediate risk?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor red blood cells

Question 11

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and is known as a 'bacteria slayer' due to its phagocytic activity?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the coagulation cascade

Question 13

A patient with sickle-cell anemia is less likely to contract severe malaria. What is the genetic explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous for the sickle-cell gene

Question 14

Which pathway of coagulation is triggered by tissue factor (TF) and is faster because it bypasses several steps?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic pathway

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the three major steps of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 16

A patient with a deficiency in factor VIII would most likely be diagnosed with which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why RBCs are biconcave and lack mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To maximize surface area for gas exchange and avoid using the oxygen they transport

Question 18

Which of the following is a possible consequence of polycythemia vera?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of stroke due to sluggish blood flow

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fate of heme after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to bilirubin and excreted in bile

Question 20

A patient with a high neutrophil count is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A bacterial infection

Blood: Structure, Function, and Disorders – ANP College Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions