Q: Which of the following equations correctly calculates hematocrit percentage?

$$\text{Hct (\%)} = \frac{\text{Height of formed elements}}{\text{Height of total sample}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Maintains osmotic pressure and contributes to blood viscosity

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the ankles and feet. Laboratory tests reveal low plasma protein levels. Which mechanism most likely explains the development of this edema?

Accepted Answer

Reduced capillary absorption due to hypoproteinemia

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence for erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Stem cell → Proerythroblast → Reticulocyte → Erythrocyte

Question 4

A blood sample is centrifuged. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly calculates hematocrit percentage?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hct (\%)} = \frac{	ext{Height of formed elements}}{	ext{Height of total sample}} 	imes 100$$

Question 6

A patient with sickle-cell disease is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of small blood vessels due to sickled erythrocytes

Question 7

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for the transport of iron in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Transferrin

Question 8

A patient with liver disease develops severe edema. Which of the following best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Decreased synthesis of plasma proteins, reducing colloid osmotic pressure

Question 9

Which of the following statements about fetal hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

It has a greater affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin

Question 10

A patient with chronic kidney disease is likely to develop anemia due to a deficiency in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They secrete vasoconstrictors and form a platelet plug

Question 12

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood but is type A. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination of donor erythrocytes by recipient anti-B antibodies

Question 13

Which of the following is a major difference between the development of anti-Rh antibodies and anti-A/anti-B antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Rh antibodies develop only after exposure to Rh+ blood, while anti-A/anti-B antibodies are present due to environmental exposure

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why type O- blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

It lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, minimizing the risk of agglutination in recipients

Question 15

A newborn is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Which maternal-fetal blood type combination is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Mother Rh-, fetus Rh+

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrinogen in blood?

Accepted Answer

Becomes fibrin, the major component of blood clots

Question 17

A patient with a deficiency in factor VIII is most likely to have which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the effect of aspirin on blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing thromboxane synthesis and platelet activation

Question 19

A patient with a high hematocrit and low plasma volume is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dissolution of a blood clot by plasmin hydrolyzing fibrin

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