$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100$

$\text{O}_2 \text{ carried} = 250,000,000 \times 4$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a blood buffer and contributes to plasma osmotic pressure

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and dyspnea. Laboratory results show microcytic, hypochromic erythrocytes. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between hematocrit and total blood volume?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

They lack nuclei and mitochondria, allowing anaerobic ATP production

Question 5

A patient with chronic renal disease develops anemia. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient erythropoietin (EPO) production by the kidneys

Question 6

Which of the following blood types can safely receive blood from a type O donor?

Accepted Answer

A, B, AB, and O

Question 7

Which leukocyte is most numerous and acts as a 'bacteria slayer' by producing potent oxidizing substances?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which scenario is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rh– mother with Rh+ fetus

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Forming temporary plugs to seal breaks in blood vessels

Question 10

Which equation best represents the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin in a single erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{O}_2 	ext{ carried} = 250,000,000 	imes 4$

Question 11

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of mismatched blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin released into the bloodstream can cause renal failure

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of sickle-cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid change in the beta chain of hemoglobin

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding leukocyte movement?

Accepted Answer

They can leave capillaries via diapedesis and move through tissue spaces by amoeboid motion

Question 14

A patient with bone marrow cancer has a hematocrit of 80%. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia vera

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

Release digestive enzymes onto large parasitic worms

Question 16

Which equation best represents the calculation of blood volume percentage for plasma in a spun blood sample?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Plasma\%} = \frac{	ext{Plasma Volume}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Type AB individuals have no anti-A or anti-B antibodies

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible effect of aplastic anemia?

Accepted Answer

Defects in clotting and immunity due to destruction of red bone marrow

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding monocytes?

Accepted Answer

They differentiate into macrophages and are crucial against chronic infections

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about blood transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Packed red blood cell transfusions restore oxygen-carrying capacity without increasing plasma volume

Blood: Structure, Function, and Disorders – Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions