Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Transport, regulation, and protection

Question 2

A blood sample is centrifuged and separates into three layers. Which layer contains the majority of the formed elements, and what is its main component?

Accepted Answer

The bottom layer; erythrocytes

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most abundant and plays a major role in maintaining osmotic pressure and acting as a blood buffer?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A patient presents with tissue hypoxia. Which of the following is the most likely physiological response to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are biconcave in shape?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for gas exchange and allow flexibility through capillaries

Question 6

Hemoglobin can bind up to four molecules of oxygen. Which part of the hemoglobin molecule is directly responsible for this binding?

Accepted Answer

The iron ion in the heme group

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of erythropoiesis from stem cell to mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cell → proerythroblast → basophilic erythroblast → polychromatic erythroblast → orthochromatic erythroblast → reticulocyte → erythrocyte

Question 8

A patient has a decreased hematocrit. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

Question 9

Which of the following white blood cells is most abundant and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug by adhering to exposed collagen at the injury site

Question 11

During coagulation, which enzyme converts fibrinogen into fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Thrombin

Question 12

Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of several clotting factors?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 13

A patient with a parasitic worm infection is likely to have an elevated count of which leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why mature erythrocytes cannot divide or synthesize new proteins?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and most organelles

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining osmotic pressure

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme group from hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is degraded to bilirubin, which is excreted in bile

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of leukocytes out of capillaries into tissues

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

It is triggered by negatively charged surfaces such as activated platelets or collagen

Question 19

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin B12 would most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired erythropoiesis leading to anemia

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the absence of mitochondria in erythrocytes is advantageous for their function?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the consumption of oxygen that erythrocytes transport

Blood: Structure, Function, and Hemostasis

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