$$\text{MAP} = \text{diastolic pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(\text{systolic pressure} - \text{diastolic pressure})$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of continuous capillaries in the brain?

Accepted Answer

They have tight junctions that form the blood-brain barrier, restricting passage of most substances.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a rapid drop in blood pressure due to severe dehydration. Which type of circulatory shock is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Hypovolemic shock

Question 3

Which equation correctly calculates mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{MAP} = 	ext{diastolic pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(	ext{systolic pressure} - 	ext{diastolic pressure})$$

Question 4

Which of the following would most likely increase peripheral resistance and thus increase blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing blood vessel diameter

Question 5

A drug that blocks the action of angiotensin II would most likely cause which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

Decreased aldosterone secretion and decreased blood pressure

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why capillary blood pressure is lower than arterial blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

High pressure would rupture the thin walls of capillaries.

Question 7

Which of the following is a major mechanism by which veins return blood to the heart despite low venous pressure?

Accepted Answer

Muscular pump and venous valves

Question 8

A patient with chronic hypertension is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Heart failure, renal failure, and vascular disease

Question 9

Which of the following substances acts as a potent vasodilator and decreases blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Nitric oxide (NO)

Question 10

If the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arterial end of a capillary bed is positive, what is the physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Fluid is forced out of the capillary into the interstitial space.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

They sense changes in blood pressure and initiate reflexes to maintain homeostasis.

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely occur if the precapillary sphincters in a capillary bed are closed?

Accepted Answer

Blood is shunted through the metarteriole-thoroughfare channel, bypassing true capillaries.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of fenestrated capillaries?

Accepted Answer

They have pores that increase permeability and are found in kidneys and endocrine glands.

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for net filtration pressure (NFP) at a capillary bed?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{NFP} = (	ext{HP}_c - 	ext{HP}_{if}) - (	ext{OP}_c - 	ext{OP}_{if})$$

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely result from a decrease in plasma protein concentration?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure, leading to edema

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct effect of increased sympathetic stimulation on arterioles?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction and increased peripheral resistance

Question 17

A patient is given a drug that inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What is the expected effect on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure will decrease due to increased water loss in urine.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the resistance of the venous system is very low compared to the arterial system?

Accepted Answer

Veins have larger diameters and less smooth muscle.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the myogenic mechanism in blood flow regulation?

Accepted Answer

It maintains constant tissue perfusion by causing vasoconstriction in response to increased intravascular pressure.

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely occur if blood pressure in the right atrium increased significantly?

Accepted Answer

Venous return to the heart would decrease.

Blood Vessels, Capillaries, and Blood Pressure Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions