Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin C

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for the production of blood cells in adults?

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow

Question 3

A patient presents with soft, deformed bones due to a mineral deficiency. Which disease is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 4

Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 5

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood calcium levels and lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 6

Which process describes the formation of bone from a hyaline cartilage model?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 7

A child with a mutation causing failure of cartilage growth in the metaphysis would most likely be diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

Achondroplastic dwarfism

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bone matrix by dry weight?

Accepted Answer

One-third organic, two-thirds inorganic

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the main mineral component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca}_{10}(\mathrm{PO}_4)_6(\mathrm{OH})_2$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Soft callus formation → Hard callus formation → Bone remodeling

Question 11

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes Wolff’s law of bone?

Accepted Answer

Bone architecture is determined by mechanical stresses placed on it

Question 13

A patient with brittle bones due to a defect in collagen deposition is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding red and yellow bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow can convert to red marrow in cases of chronic anemia

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

They are mature bone cells that act as strain sensors and regulate bone remodeling

Question 16

Which of the following best describes appositional growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth in diameter and thickness by deposition of new tissue at the bone surface

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

A sheath covering most of the bone, with an outer fibrous layer and inner osteogenic layer

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis is more common in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen levels lead to increased bone resorption

Question 19

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of spongy bone compared to compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Lattice of trabeculae and spicules with spaces filled with marrow

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of anabolic steroids on bone growth in adolescents?

Accepted Answer

They cause premature closure of the epiphyseal plate, resulting in short stature

Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology CH 7

Study Guide - Practice Questions