Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture that projects through the skin. What type of fracture is this, and what is a major risk associated with it?

Accepted Answer

Open (compound) fracture; risk of infection

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and the release of stored minerals?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the primary event that occurs at the primary ossification center?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes enlarge and the matrix begins to calcify

Question 5

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

A long bone is fractured. Which step in the healing process involves the formation of a callus?

Accepted Answer

Callus formation

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure of a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

A core of spongy bone (diploë) between two layers of compact bone

Question 8

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 9

A 55-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains why postmenopausal women are at increased risk?

Accepted Answer

Decline in sex hormone levels leading to loss of bone mass

Question 10

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Foramen – passage for blood vessels and nerves

Question 11

Which process describes the increase in bone diameter during growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 12

A child with vitamin D deficiency develops bowed legs. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct equation for the main mineral component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in rapid loss of bone mass?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bed rest or inactivity

Question 15

Which bone cell type is a stem cell that divides to produce osteoblasts and is important for fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cell

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why bones become brittle and fragile in osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Loss of bone mass due to increased osteoclast activity

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow for exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases

Question 19

A patient has a tumor that secretes osteoclast-activating factor. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Development of osteoporosis

Question 20

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is correct?

Accepted Answer

It allows bones to adapt to stress and maintain homeostasis

Bones and Bone Structure: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions