$\text{Net Bone Mass Change} = \text{Osteoblast Activity} - \text{Osteoclast Activity}$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone synthesis

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which part of the long bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix and releasing stored minerals into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

2/3 hydroxyapatite, 1/3 collagen

Question 5

A child is diagnosed with a disorder that prevents the formation of the periosteum. Which of the following would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of tendons and ligaments

Question 6

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

Which process describes the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bone during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 8

Which of the following bones is classified as a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 9

During bone growth in length, which zone of the epiphyseal plate contains actively dividing chondrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proliferation

Question 10

A patient with osteoporosis is prescribed weight-bearing exercise. What is the physiological rationale for this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Exercise stimulates osteoblast activity, increasing bone mass

Question 11

Which of the following vitamins is required for collagen synthesis in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct effect of calcitonin secretion?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of osteoclast activity

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between bone mass and the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Net Bone Mass Change} = 	ext{Osteoblast Activity} - 	ext{Osteoclast Activity}$

Question 15

A 45-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteopenia. Which of the following best explains why women are at higher risk for bone loss after menopause?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in estrogen levels

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the role of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

It produces blood cells

Question 17

Which of the following best describes appositional growth?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone diameter by adding layers to the outer surface

Question 18

A patient has a mutation that prevents the synthesis of collagen in bone. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Bones would be brittle and shatter easily

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts form bone collar, chondrocytes die, primary ossification center forms, secondary ossification center forms

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is found at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It resists stress from multiple directions and reduces bone weight

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Growth

Study Guide - Practice Questions