$$\text{If deposition} \u003e \text{removal}, \text{bones get stronger}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient presents with a bone that is extremely flexible but not brittle. Which component of the bone matrix is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Question 3

Which bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main mechanism it uses?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; release of hydrogen ions and enzymes

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the fate of chondrocytes in the center of the cartilage model?

Accepted Answer

They die as the cartilage calcifies

Question 5

Which equation best represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 6

A child with a vitamin D deficiency is most likely to develop which condition, and what is the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Rickets; impaired calcium absorption and bone mineralization

Question 7

Which structure anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone?

Accepted Answer

Perforating fibers (Sharpey’s fibers)

Question 8

What is the primary difference between compact and spongy bone at the microscopic level?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons, while spongy bone contains trabeculae

Question 9

Which hormone stimulates both interstitial cartilage growth and appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 10

A fracture that pierces the skin is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Compound fracture

Question 11

Which bone cell communicates through gap junctions and is responsible for maintaining bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 12

What is the effect of increased physical stress on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Increased osteoblast activity and stronger bones

Question 13

Which of the following best describes appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth in width by addition of new bone to the periosteum

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding bone marrow transplants?

Accepted Answer

Injected cells migrate to normal locations for red bone marrow

Question 15

Which equation describes the relationship between bone deposition and removal during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{If deposition} \u003e 	ext{removal}, 	ext{bones get stronger}$$

Question 16

Which bone type is best described as a bone embedded within a tendon, such as the patella?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of vitamin C deficiency in bone?

Accepted Answer

Bones become deficient in collagen and brittle

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the formation of most skull bones and the diaphyses of clavicles?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 19

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 20

A patient with osteoporosis is most likely to benefit from which intervention?

Accepted Answer

Weight bearing exercise

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Growth

Study Guide - Practice Questions