$$\text{Bone Mass} = \text{Organic Matrix} + \text{Inorganic Matrix}$$

$$\text{Low Ca}^{2+} \rightarrow \text{PTH Release} \rightarrow \text{Bone Resorption} \rightarrow \text{Increased Ca}^{2+}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient with leukemia is scheduled for a bone marrow transplant. Which bone is most commonly used for harvesting red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Pelvic bone

Question 3

Which bone type is characterized by being roughly cube-shaped and is found in the wrist and ankle?

Accepted Answer

Short bone

Question 4

What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Break down bone matrix

Question 5

Which component of the bone matrix is responsible for resisting compression?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 6

A child with vitamin D deficiency is at risk for which bone disorder, characterized by bone deformities and fractures?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 7

Which hormone increases mitosis at the epiphyseal plate and stimulates appositional growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 8

During endochondral ossification, what is the first step in the process?

Accepted Answer

Chondroblasts in the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts

Question 9

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate contains actively dividing chondrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proliferation

Question 10

A patient presents with brittle bones and frequent fractures. Which of the following is most likely deficient in their bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass and mineral content?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone Mass} = 	ext{Organic Matrix} + 	ext{Inorganic Matrix}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts secrete hydrogen ions and enzymes

Question 13

Which bone disease is caused by defective osteoclasts leading to increased bone mass but weak, brittle bones?

Accepted Answer

Osteopetrosis

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the blood supply to long bones?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient arteries enter through the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen

Question 15

Which hormone stimulates effects that increase blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 16

A patient with achondroplasia has abnormal development of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why bones in males are generally thicker than in females?

Accepted Answer

Increased appositional growth due to testosterone

Question 18

During fracture healing, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma fills gap, soft callus forms, bone callus forms, remodeling

Question 19

Which equation describes the negative feedback loop for calcium ion homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Low Ca}^{2+} ightarrow 	ext{PTH Release} ightarrow 	ext{Bone Resorption} ightarrow 	ext{Increased Ca}^{2+}$$

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions