Question 1

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system that directly contributes to maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Mineral storage and acid-base homeostasis

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect that prevents the formation of collagen in bone would most likely have bones that are:

Accepted Answer

Brittle and prone to shattering

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main mechanism by which it breaks down bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; by secreting H$$^+$$ ions and enzymes

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is arranged in osteons; spongy bone is arranged in trabeculae

Question 5

During endochondral ossification, what is the fate of the cartilage model?

Accepted Answer

It is replaced by bone tissue after being calcified and broken down by chondrocytes

Question 6

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity, decreases calcium loss in urine, and activates vitamin D to increase blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

A 12-year-old boy experiences a rapid growth spurt. Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is primarily responsible for this increase in bone length?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proliferation

Question 8

Which of the following nutrients is required for the synthesis of collagen in the organic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 9

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures because their bones have:

Accepted Answer

A deficiency in inorganic matrix, especially hydroxyapatite

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why women are generally shorter than men?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen accelerates closure of the epiphyseal plate

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling involves both deposition by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts

Question 12

A patient with a tumor that secretes excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure will most likely develop:

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 13

Which of the following best describes appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Growth in width by addition of new bone at the periosteum

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in bone fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the microscopic structure of compact bone is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes are found in lacunae connected by canaliculi

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely occur if the parathyroid glands were destroyed?

Accepted Answer

Blood calcium levels would decrease due to reduced osteoclast activity

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

They create an osmotic gradient that draws water into the osteoid

Question 18

A child with a vitamin D deficiency is likely to develop which condition, and why?

Accepted Answer

Rickets, because vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption

Question 19

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of intramembranous ossification compared to endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

It forms flat bones of the skull and clavicle from a mesenchymal membrane

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why older adults are at increased risk for bone fractures?

Accepted Answer

Bone matrix decreases, with loss of both collagen and hydroxyapatite

Ch. 6 - Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions