Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They resorb bone by breaking down bone matrix.

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect in collagen synthesis is likely to have bones that:

Accepted Answer

Are less resilient and more prone to fracture due to lack of sacrificial bonds.

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of an osteon in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteons are composed of concentric rings of bone matrix called lamellae.

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar forms, cartilage calcifies, periosteal bud invades, diaphysis elongates, epiphyses ossify.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why bones are both strong and flexible?

Accepted Answer

Bones contain both organic (collagen) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite) components.

Question 6

A child with a deficiency in growth hormone would most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced longitudinal bone growth resulting in shorter stature.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the epiphyseal plate is correct?

Accepted Answer

It allows for growth in the length of long bones through interstitial growth.

Question 8

Which of the following zones of the epiphyseal plate is responsible for the rapid division of chondrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation (growth) zone

Question 9

A 20-year-old male has not yet experienced epiphyseal plate closure. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow for communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes.

Question 11

A mutation that prevents the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals would most likely result in bones that:

Accepted Answer

Are excessively flexible and unable to resist compression.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification uses a hyaline cartilage model, while intramembranous ossification develops from a fibrous membrane.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why long bones thicken in response to increased muscle activity?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts secrete new bone matrix on the external bone surface, leading to appositional growth.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

They act as stress or strain sensors and maintain the bone matrix.

Question 15

A patient with a mutation in the gene encoding for the enzyme that forms sacrificial bonds in collagen would most likely experience:

Accepted Answer

Bones that are more likely to fracture under stress.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the periosteal bud during endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

It invades the cavities in the diaphysis, bringing blood vessels, nerves, and osteogenic cells.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about spongy bone is correct?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone is organized along lines of stress and contains trabeculae.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the epiphyseal plate maintains a constant thickness during growth?

Accepted Answer

The rate of cartilage growth is balanced by the rate of bone replacement.

Question 19

Which of the following is the main inorganic component of bone, and what is its chemical formula?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite; $\mathrm{Ca_{5}(PO_{4})_{3}(OH)}$

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Composition, and Development

Study Guide - Practice Questions