Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cartilage can recover from minor injuries more slowly than bone?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage contains no blood vessels, so nutrients and repair factors must diffuse through the matrix.

Question 2

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures due to a decrease in which of the following bone components?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and is best suited to resist compression and tension?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption by breaking down bone matrix

Question 5

A long bone grows in length primarily through which process?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 6

Which of the following equations best represents the mineral component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of osteocalcin produced by bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of insulin secretion and energy expenditure

Question 8

A 10-year-old child suffers a fracture at the epiphyseal plate. What is the most likely long-term consequence if the plate is damaged?

Accepted Answer

Impaired longitudinal growth of the affected bone

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of collagen fibers in adjacent lamellae of an osteon?

Accepted Answer

They run in different directions to resist twisting forces.

Question 10

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 11

During endochondral ossification, what is the significance of the periosteal bud?

Accepted Answer

It brings blood vessels, nerves, and osteogenic cells into the cartilage model, initiating spongy bone formation.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why bone is both strong and flexible?

Accepted Answer

It contains both collagen fibers (for flexibility) and hydroxyapatite crystals (for strength).

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the distribution of red and yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow is found mainly in the axial skeleton and proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone develops from fibrous connective tissue membranes.

Question 15

A patient with anemia may experience a conversion of yellow marrow to red marrow. What is the physiological significance of this process?

Accepted Answer

It increases the production of blood cells to compensate for anemia.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They allow communication and nutrient/waste exchange between osteocytes.

Question 18

Which of the following cell types is responsible for secreting the organic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the epiphyseal plate is important during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of new bone growth in length.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar formation, cartilage calcification, periosteal bud invasion, diaphysis elongation, epiphysis ossification

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

Study Guide - Practice Questions