Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the perichondrium in skeletal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It contains blood vessels that deliver nutrients to cartilage and resists outward expansion.

Question 2

Which type of cartilage is found in the external ear and epiglottis, and what unique fiber does it contain?

Accepted Answer

Elastic cartilage; elastic fibers

Question 3

A patient presents with bowed legs and enlarged bone ends. Laboratory tests reveal a vitamin D deficiency. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Cells in the perichondrium secrete matrix against the external face of existing cartilage.

Question 5

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; derived from hematopoietic stem cells

Question 6

A long bone is fractured and the physician performs a closed reduction. What does this procedure involve?

Accepted Answer

Manipulating the bone externally to realign the ends without surgery

Question 7

Which hormone is most important for stimulating epiphyseal plate activity during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 8

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone density scan shows significant loss of spongy bone in the femoral neck. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the normal range of blood calcium concentration in mg/dl?

Accepted Answer

$$9 \leq [Ca$$^{2+}$$] \leq 11$$

Question 10

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Condyle – rounded articular projection

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended to prevent osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates bone remodeling, increasing bone mass and density.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the growth in length of a long bone at the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

Resting zone → Proliferation zone → Hypertrophic zone → Calcification zone → Ossification zone

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer; spongy bone is porous and found inside bones.

Question 14

A patient is prescribed a serotonin reuptake inhibitor for depression. What potential effect might this have on their bone density?

Accepted Answer

It may decrease osteoblast activity, leading to lower bone density.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They monitor and maintain the bone matrix and act as stress sensors.

Question 17

Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis that can be modified by lifestyle changes?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient exercise to stress bones

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why older bone is more brittle and prone to fractures?

Accepted Answer

Calcium salts crystallize in older bone, reducing flexibility.

Question 19

Which hormone is released by adipose tissue and has a role in bone density regulation by inhibiting osteoblasts in animals?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone and blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

PTH removes calcium from bone, increasing blood calcium regardless of bone integrity.

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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