Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the perichondrium in skeletal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It contains blood vessels that deliver nutrients to cartilage and resists outward expansion.

Question 2

Which type of cartilage is found in the external ear and epiglottis, and what unique fiber does it contain?

Accepted Answer

Elastic cartilage; elastic fibers

Question 3

A patient presents with a bone fracture where the bone ends are out of normal alignment and the skin is penetrated. How would this fracture be classified?

Accepted Answer

Displaced, open (compound) fracture

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why bones are able to resist both compression and tension?

Accepted Answer

The collagen fibers in adjacent lamellae of compact bone run in different directions.

Question 5

Which hormone is most important for stimulating epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 6

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone scan shows decreased bone mass, especially in the spongy bone of the femur neck. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 7

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Condyle – rounded articular projection

Question 8

During bone remodeling, which cells are responsible for bone resorption and what is their origin?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; derived from hematopoietic stem cells

Question 9

Which process describes the growth of cartilage from the inside, where chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 10

A child presents with bowed legs and enlarged bone ends. Laboratory tests reveal low serum calcium and vitamin D. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They monitor and maintain the bone matrix and act as stress sensors.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of bones that directly contributes to homeostasis of blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Mineral and growth factor storage

Question 13

A long bone is fractured and the physician decides to use open reduction for treatment. What does this involve?

Accepted Answer

Surgically securing bone ends with pins or wires

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended for preventing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblast activity, increasing bone mass.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the normal range of blood calcium concentration in mg/dl?

Accepted Answer

$$9 \leq [Ca$$^{2+}$$] \leq 11$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer; spongy bone is made of trabeculae and is found inside bones.

Question 17

Which bone cell type is responsible for synthesizing new bone matrix and is highly mitotic?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 18

A patient is taking a medication that inhibits serotonin reuptake. What effect might this have on their bone density?

Accepted Answer

It may decrease osteoblast activity and lower bone density.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows in width as osteoblasts add bone matrix to the external surface.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

High levels of physical activity

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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