Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between appositional and interstitial growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth adds new matrix to the surface of cartilage, while interstitial growth expands cartilage from within.

Question 2

A patient presents with bowed legs and enlarged bone ends. Laboratory tests reveal a vitamin D deficiency. Which condition is most likely present, and what is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Rickets; inadequate mineralization of osteoid due to vitamin D deficiency

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating osteoclast activity to increase blood calcium levels, and what is the feedback mechanism involved?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); negative feedback loop

Question 4

Which of the following bone cells is responsible for bone resorption, and from which lineage is it derived?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; hematopoietic (white blood cell) lineage

Question 5

A 65-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone density is significantly reduced, especially in the spongy bone of the femur. Which condition is most likely responsible, and what is a major risk factor?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis; postmenopausal estrogen deficiency

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Triglyceride (fat) storage

Question 7

During endochondral ossification, what is the sequence of events leading to the formation of the medullary cavity in a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage model formation, bone collar formation, central cartilage calcification, periosteal bud invasion, medullary cavity formation

Question 8

Which bone marking would most likely serve as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 9

A child is diagnosed with a fracture in which the bone ends are out of normal alignment, but the skin is not penetrated. How is this fracture classified?

Accepted Answer

Displaced, closed (simple)

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why bone is able to resist both compression and tension?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of collagen fibers and the presence of hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the formation of flat bones such as the clavicle and cranial bones?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 12

A patient with anemia is found to have increased red marrow in the diaphysis of long bones. What physiological process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow is converting to red marrow to increase hematopoiesis.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They maintain bone matrix and act as stress or strain sensors.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why postmenopausal women are at increased risk for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen levels reduce inhibition of osteoclast activity.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 17

A 10-year-old child is experiencing abnormal longitudinal bone growth. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 18

Which of the following statements about spongy bone is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is organized along lines of stress and contains trabeculae.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of mechanical stress on bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical stress stimulates bone remodeling, leading to thicker and stronger bones.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_5$$($$PO_4)_3OH$

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards