Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Chondroblasts in the surrounding perichondrium produce new cartilage on the surface.

Question 2

Which function of bone is directly related to the activity of osteoblasts secreting osteocalcin?

Accepted Answer

Energy metabolism

Question 3

A patient suffers a fracture in the diaphysis of the femur. Which structure is most likely to be damaged?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cavity

Question 4

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Condyle – surface that forms a joint

Question 5

Which type of cartilage is most likely found in the intervertebral discs, and what is its main structural feature?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; thick collagen fibers

Question 6

A long bone is fractured and the medullary cavity is exposed. Which tissue is most likely to be found lining the internal surface of this cavity?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why compact bone is stronger in resisting twisting forces than spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons with lamellae arranged in alternating directions.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of synovial fluid

Question 9

A child is diagnosed with a growth disorder affecting the proliferation zone of the epiphyseal plate. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Division of cartilage cells

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between bone mass ($$M$$), bone formation rate ($$F$$), and bone resorption rate ($$R) $$over time?

Accepted Answer

$$M = F - R$$

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the role of bone as a mineral reservoir?

Accepted Answer

When blood calcium levels drop, osteoclasts break down bone matrix to release calcium ions.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of structures encountered from the outer surface to the inner cavity of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum → compact bone → spongy bone → endosteum → medullary cavity

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow for nutrient and waste exchange between osteocytes.

Question 14

A patient with osteoporosis has increased activity of which cell type, leading to excessive bone matrix resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 15

Which of the following bone types is correctly matched with an example?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone – sternum

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why trabeculae in spongy bone are oriented along lines of stress?

Accepted Answer

To provide structural support where it is most needed

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of elastic cartilage compared to hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Presence of abundant elastic fibers in the matrix

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of Sharpey's fibers in bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect the periosteum to underlying bone.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between lamellae in compact bone and those in spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Lamellae in compact bone are organized into osteons, while in spongy bone they are arranged in trabeculae.

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Growth

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards