Question 1

Which of the following best describes the functional difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone resists stress and provides strength, while spongy bone contains trabeculae that reduce bone weight and house marrow.

Question 2

A patient presents with bowed legs and deformities of the pelvis and rib cage. Laboratory tests reveal a vitamin D deficiency. Which disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 3

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by indirectly stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the precursor tissue that is replaced by bone?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why bones become fragile and more likely to fracture in osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption exceeds bone deposition, decreasing bone mass and increasing porosity.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the repair of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → fibrocartilaginous callus formation → bony callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the periosteum is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a fibrous outer layer and an osteogenic inner layer.

Question 8

A 12-year-old child is experiencing rapid growth in height. Which structure is primarily responsible for this growth?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of collagen fibers in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They provide flexibility and tensile strength.

Question 10

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption and is derived from the white blood cell lineage?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 11

A patient with a fractured femur undergoes surgical repair with metal plates and screws. What is this type of fracture treatment called?

Accepted Answer

Open reduction

Question 12

Which of the following best describes Wolff’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows or remodels in response to the demands placed on it.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Fat (triglyceride) storage for ATP production

Question 14

Which of the following best distinguishes appositional growth from interstitial growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth increases bone width, while interstitial growth increases bone length.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of digestive enzymes

Question 16

A 45-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following is a likely contributing factor?

Accepted Answer

Low calcium and vitamin D intake

Question 17

Which of the following statements about hyaline cartilage is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is the most common type of cartilage and provides support with flexibility and resilience.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone develops from a fibrous membrane, forming most flat bones of the skull and clavicles.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct formula for the mineral component of bone (hydroxyapatite)?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 20

A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease develops soft, weak bones due to poor bone mineralization. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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