Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They resorb (break down) bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 2

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Ossification center forms, cartilage calcifies, periosteal bud invades, diaphysis elongates, epiphyses ossify.

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating osteoclast activity when blood calcium levels fall below normal?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

A patient presents with bowed legs and enlarged bone ends. Laboratory tests reveal low serum calcium and vitamin D. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended to prevent osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblasts to deposit more bone matrix, increasing bone mass.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about the chemical composition of bone?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers in osteoid provide tensile strength and flexibility.

Question 7

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone density is low, but the bone matrix appears normal. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes Wolff’s law?

Accepted Answer

Bones grow or remodel in response to the mechanical stresses placed on them.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a step in intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a bone collar around a cartilage model

Question 10

A child’s X-ray shows an open epiphyseal plate in the femur. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The child is still capable of longitudinal bone growth.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

They are mature bone cells that monitor and maintain the bone matrix.

Question 12

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Postmenopausal status in women

Question 13

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling is a lifelong process involving both bone deposit and resorption.

Question 14

A patient with Paget’s disease is likely to have which of the following bone characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Bones with excessive and disorganized bone remodeling, leading to weak, deformed bones

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why bones can be hollow yet strong?

Accepted Answer

Compression and tension forces cancel each other out in the center of the bone.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone, increasing blood calcium.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It is replaced by bone tissue during adolescence, ending longitudinal growth.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of leptin on bone density?

Accepted Answer

Leptin inhibits osteoblast activity, potentially reducing bone density.

Question 19

A 25-year-old male has a diet low in calcium and does not exercise. Which of the following is a likely long-term consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass, increasing risk for osteoporosis later in life

Question 20

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of osteomalacia compared to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia involves poor mineralization of bone matrix, while osteoporosis involves normal matrix but decreased bone mass.

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, Development, and Disorders

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