Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and dendrites, while white matter is made up of myelinated axons.

Question 2

A patient suffers a stroke affecting Broca's area. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Ability to produce coherent speech

Question 3

Which equation best represents the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{m} = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{P_{K}[K^+]_{out} + P_{Na}[Na^+]_{out} + P_{Cl}[Cl^-]_{in}}{P_{K}[K^+]_{in} + P_{Na}[Na^+]_{in} + P_{Cl}[Cl^-]_{out}} \right)$$

Question 4

Which brain wave is most prominent during deep sleep (stage 3 and 4 of NREM)?

Accepted Answer

Delta waves

Question 5

A person is unable to feel pain in a specific region of their skin after a spinal injury. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

A dermatome

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It selectively restricts passage of certain substances from the blood into the brain tissue.

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic fibers in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

A patient presents with loss of motor function below the site of a spinal cord injury. Which pathway is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Descending motor pathway

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-life example of a monosynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

Knee-jerk (patellar) reflex

Question 10

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (II)

Question 11

During a fight-or-flight response, which physiological change is most likely mediated by the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Increase in heart rate

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the ventricles in the brain?

Accepted Answer

They produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 13

Which equation represents the calculation of conduction velocity in a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \frac{d}{t}$$

Question 14

Which type of sensory receptor is responsible for detecting changes in temperature?

Accepted Answer

Thermoreceptors

Question 15

A patient with Alzheimer's disease is most likely to experience deficits in which higher brain function?

Accepted Answer

Memory formation and recall

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nerve as shown in figure 13.4?

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons surrounded by connective tissue layers

Question 17

Which plexus is responsible for innervating the upper limb?

Accepted Answer

Brachial plexus

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic sympathetic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a visceral reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the activity of internal organs through autonomic pathways.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a real-life application of the levels of neural control in movement?

Accepted Answer

Reflex withdrawal of the hand from a hot stove involves only the spinal cord.

BSC 2085 Exam 3 Review: Nervous System Study Guidance

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