Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

SV is the difference between EDV and ESV.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing severe blood loss after an accident. What is the most likely effect on their stroke volume and why?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume decreases due to decreased venous return.

Question 3

Which equation correctly calculates cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$CO = SV 	imes HR$

Question 4

If a healthy adult has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat, what is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$5600\ 	ext{mL/min}$

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in an increased preload?

Accepted Answer

A marathon runner during a race

Question 6

What is the effect of increased afterload on stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume decreases

Question 7

A patient with hypertension is at risk for which of the following cardiac changes if left untreated?

Accepted Answer

Increased afterload and decreased stroke volume

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the Frank-Starling Law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The more the heart muscle is stretched during diastole, the greater the force of contraction during systole.

Question 9

A patient is given a medication that increases parasympathetic stimulation to the heart. What is the expected effect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate and decreased contractility

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for the negative chronotropic effect on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

A patient with persistent tachycardia is likely to experience which change in stroke volume and why?

Accepted Answer

Decreased stroke volume due to decreased filling time

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of exercise on venous return and stroke volume in a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

Exercise increases venous return and stroke volume

Question 13

If the vagus nerve to the heart is cut, what immediate effect would you expect on heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate increases by 30-40 beats/min

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding cardiac reserve?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac reserve is the difference between maximum and resting cardiac output.

Question 15

A patient with congestive heart failure has a decreased stroke volume. What happens to their end-systolic volume (ESV)?

Accepted Answer

ESV increases

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased preload on stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Increased preload increases stroke volume

Question 17

A patient’s heart rate is 90 beats per minute and their cardiac output is 6300 mL/min. What is their stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

$70\ 	ext{mL/beat}$

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and increased contractility

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the purpose of Transmyocardial Revascularization (TMR) surgery?

Accepted Answer

To create new channels in the heart muscle to improve blood flow to areas not receiving enough

Question 20

Which of the following statements about afterload is correct?

Accepted Answer

Afterload is the pressure the ventricles must overcome to eject blood.

Cardiac Output, Stroke Volume, and Cardiac Physiology: ANP Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions