Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of blood flow through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Body → Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body

Question 2

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the AV valves close, all heart valves are closed, and ventricular pressure rises without a change in volume?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric Contraction

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the SA node?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the pacemaker, initiating the heartbeat

Question 4

A patient’s ECG shows absent P waves, a normal QRS complex, and a heart rate of 45 bpm. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The SA node is nonfunctional and the AV node is pacing the heart (junctional rhythm)

Question 5

Which layer of the blood vessel wall is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica Media

Question 6

Which type of capillary is most likely to be found in the liver and allows passage of large proteins and even cells?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoid capillary

Question 7

Calculate the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) for a patient with a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. Use the formula $$MAP = DP + \frac{1}{3}(SP - DP).$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(120 - 80) = 80 + 13.3 = 93.3$$ mmHg

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells in adults

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the baroreceptor reflex response to a sudden increase in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptors increase firing, decreasing sympathetic activity and lowering heart rate

Question 10

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 11

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of valves in veins. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of varicose veins due to blood pooling

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly relates blood flow, pressure, and resistance?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of B lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

They mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies

Question 14

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of arteries compared to veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have a thicker tunica media and smaller lumen

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of lymph flow through a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

Afferent vessel → Subcapsular sinus → Cortex → Medulla → Efferent vessel

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

It removes old red blood cells, stores platelets, and initiates immune responses to blood-borne pathogens

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoid capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Fenestrated capillaries have pores and are found in the kidneys and small intestine

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the skeletal muscle pump in venous return?

Accepted Answer

It squeezes veins during muscle contraction, pushing blood toward the heart

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of MALT (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)?

Accepted Answer

It protects mucosal surfaces from pathogens

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems: Structure and Function Study Guide

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