Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

To transport materials such as nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products throughout the body

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output ($$Q$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 3

During exercise at high altitude, why does oxygen delivery to muscle tissue decrease?

Accepted Answer

The partial pressure gradient for oxygen between blood and muscle is reduced

Question 4

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins

Question 5

According to Ohm’s Law for the cardiovascular system, which formula is correct?

Accepted Answer

$$Flow = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 6

If the radius of a blood vessel doubles, what happens to the resistance to blood flow, assuming all other factors remain constant?

Accepted Answer

Resistance decreases by a factor of 16

Question 7

Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

An increase in both cardiac output and resistance

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why beetroot juice may enhance athletic performance?

Accepted Answer

It increases vasodilation via the nitric oxide pathway, improving oxygen delivery to muscles

Question 9

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 10

A patient has a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 100 mmHg and a total peripheral resistance (TPR) of 20 mmHg·min/L. What is their cardiac output ($$Q$$)? Use $$Q = \frac{MAP}{TPR}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$Q = 2.0 L/$$min

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct effect of vasoconstriction in arterioles?

Accepted Answer

Increase in resistance

Question 12

Which of the following substances is transported from all cells to the lungs for elimination?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between blood flow and vessel radius?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow is directly proportional to the fourth power of the radius ($$Flow \propto r^4$)

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in decreased aerobic metabolism during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen partial pressure in arterial blood (hypoxia)

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of vessel and the type of blood it carries in the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Vein – deoxygenated blood

Question 16

If a person’s heart rate is 70 beats per minute and their stroke volume is 70 mL/beat, what is their cardiac output ($$Q$$)? Use $$Q = HR 	imes SV.$$

Accepted Answer

$$Q = 4900 mL/$$min

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why blood pressure drops as blood moves from arteries to veins?

Accepted Answer

Friction and resistance in the vessels dissipate pressure

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Exchanging nutrients, gases, and waste products between blood and tissues

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely occur if total peripheral resistance (TPR) increases while cardiac output remains constant?

Accepted Answer

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increases

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of hypoxia on glucose transporters in muscle cells during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transporters move closer to the cell membrane, increasing glucose uptake

Cardiovascular Physiology: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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