Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They transport oxygen and a small amount of carbon dioxide.

Question 2

A patient presents with a total white blood cell count significantly above normal. Which condition is most likely indicated?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the pulmonary circuit is correct?

Accepted Answer

It brings blood into close contact with alveoli for gas exchange.

Question 4

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular contraction occur, and what is the corresponding blood pressure reading called?

Accepted Answer

Systole; systolic pressure

Question 5

Which heart valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 6

A patient with a pulse deficit has a difference between which two measurements?

Accepted Answer

Apical and radial pulse

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the walls of arteries are thicker than those of veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries must withstand higher pressure from the heart's contractions.

Question 8

Which structure in the heart acts as the primary pacemaker, initiating the electrical impulses that set the heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of blood vessels by plaques

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly calculates pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$Pulse\ Pressure = Systolic\ Pressure - Diastolic\ Pressure$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the hepatic portal circulation?

Accepted Answer

It drains digestive organs and delivers blood to the liver for processing.

Question 12

Which wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) corresponds to ventricular depolarization?

Accepted Answer

QRS complex

Question 13

A patient with pale, cold, and moist skin is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Diverted blood flow away from the skin

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures that an electrical impulse travels through in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → AV bundle → bundle branches → subendocardial conducting network

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They function in hemostasis and blood clot formation.

Question 16

A newborn is found to have a congenital defect that prevents closure of the foramen ovale. Which circulation is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Fetal circulation

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

The tunica media regulates vessel diameter and blood pressure.

Question 18

A patient with leukemia is likely to have which of the following blood abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal white blood cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker myocardium than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It must generate higher pressure to pump blood through the systemic circuit.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

They supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself.

Cardiovascular System: Blood, Heart, and Circulation – Study Notes

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