Q: A patient has a blood pressure of 135/85 mmHg. What is their pulse pressure (PP)? $$PP = SP - DP$$

$$PP = 135 - 85 = 50\ \text{mmHg}$$

Q: If a patient’s cardiac output (CO) is 5 L/min and their total peripheral resistance (TPR) is 20 mmHg·min/L, what is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)? $$MAP = CO \times TPR$$

$$MAP = 5 \times 20 = 100\ \text{mmHg}$$

Q: A patient has a systolic pressure (SP) of 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure (DP) of 80 mmHg. Calculate their mean arterial pressure (MAP). $$MAP = DP + \frac{1}{3}(SP - DP)$$

$$MAP = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(120 - 80) = 80 + 13.33 = 93.33\ \text{mmHg}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues

Question 2

Which type of capillary is most likely to be found in the liver, allowing for the passage of large molecules and cells?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillary

Question 3

A patient has a blood pressure of 135/85 mmHg. What is their pulse pressure (PP)?

$$PP = SP - DP$$

Accepted Answer

$$PP = 135 - 85 = 50\ 	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 4

Which vessel type is primarily responsible for total peripheral resistance (TPR) in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 5

During exercise, blood flow to which organ increases the most relative to rest?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 6

Which equation correctly calculates mean arterial pressure (MAP) using systolic and diastolic pressures?

$$MAP = DP + \frac{1}{3}(PP)$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = DP + \frac{1}{3}(SP - DP)$$

Question 7

Which of the following mechanisms assists venous return to the heart, especially during standing or exercise?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle pump

Question 8

A patient with atherosclerosis is at increased risk for which of the following due to turbulent blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Formation of Korotkoff sounds during blood pressure measurement

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why veins are called capacitance vessels?

Accepted Answer

They can expand to accommodate varying volumes of blood

Question 10

If a patient’s cardiac output (CO) is 5 L/min and their total peripheral resistance (TPR) is 20 mmHg·min/L, what is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

$$MAP = CO 	imes TPR$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 5 	imes 20 = 100\ 	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 11

Which of the following changes would most likely increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the Starling forces at the arterial end of a capillary?

Accepted Answer

Net filtration pressure favors movement of fluid out of the capillary

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on arteriolar diameter and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure

Question 14

Which of the following is the main reason blood flow velocity is lowest in the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries have the greatest total cross-sectional area

Question 15

A patient has a systolic pressure (SP) of 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure (DP) of 80 mmHg. Calculate their mean arterial pressure (MAP).

$$MAP = DP + \frac{1}{3}(SP - DP)$$

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(120 - 80) = 80 + 13.33 = 93.33\ 	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of precapillary sphincters in regulating blood flow?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the entry of blood into capillary beds

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely result from a significant decrease in plasma protein concentration?

Accepted Answer

Decreased capillary osmotic pressure and increased edema

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of increased venous return on cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Increased stroke volume

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why arteries are considered resistance vessels?

Accepted Answer

They have thick muscular walls that can constrict to regulate blood flow and pressure

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely occur if the arteriolar radius is decreased by vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Total peripheral resistance (TPR) increases

Cardiovascular System: Circulation Pathways and Blood Pressure Regulation

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