Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles during ventricular systole?

Accepted Answer

They contract to prevent the AV valves from prolapsing into the atria.

Question 2

During the cardiac cycle, which event corresponds to the 'lub' sound heard during auscultation?

Accepted Answer

Closing of the AV (atrioventricular) valves

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 4

What is the primary physiological significance of the plateau phase in the action potential of cardiac contractile cells?

Accepted Answer

It prevents tetanus by prolonging the refractory period.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the electrical activity of the heart is correct?

Accepted Answer

The T wave represents ventricular repolarization.

Question 7

If a patient has a blockage in the left common carotid artery, which area is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

The left side of the head and neck

Question 8

Which of the following chemicals is most likely to cause vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Question 9

During exercise, which physiological changes occur to increase cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Increase in heart rate and stroke volume

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the baroreceptor reflex response to a sudden drop in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increased sympathetic activity increases heart rate, stroke volume, and vasoconstriction.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

MAP is the main driving force for blood flow and is regulated by the body.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the depolarization pathway in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and contractility

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct effect of increased arteriolar vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Increased resistance and decreased blood flow

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the action potential in cardiac contractile cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

The plateau phase is maintained by the influx of Ca2+ through L-type channels.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of the vagus nerve on the heart?

Accepted Answer

It decreases heart rate by releasing acetylcholine.

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to occur if the left ventricle fails to contract properly?

Accepted Answer

Blood will accumulate in the pulmonary veins and lungs.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the semilunar valves?

Accepted Answer

They prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles during ventricular diastole.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle wall?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body, requiring greater force and pressure.

Cardiovascular System: The Heart, Blood Vessels, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions