$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It produces ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ribosomal RNA.

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why oxygen can diffuse freely across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is a small, nonpolar molecule.

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6 	ext{CO}_2 + 6 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients using ATP.

Question 8

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 9

Which of the following processes requires energy input in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They digest and recycle cellular waste and foreign material.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why glucose cannot freely cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large, polar molecule.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Protein folding

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from low to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures and stabilizes it at high temperatures.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs large particles or microorganisms by extending its membrane around them.

Cell Biology and Physiology Study Guide – ANP Exam Preparation

Study Guide - Practice Questions