Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is associated with motion, such as heat, while potential energy is stored energy waiting to become kinetic.

Question 2

According to the Law of Mass Action, what happens to the equilibrium of the reaction $$A + B \rightleftharpoons C if $$you add more B?

Accepted Answer

The reaction will shift to produce more C.

Question 3

Which equation represents the equilibrium constant for the reaction $$A + B \rightleftharpoons C$$?

Accepted Answer

$$K_{eq} = \frac{[C]}{[A][B]}$$

Question 4

What is the primary function of enzymes in cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy barrier, allowing reactions to occur more easily.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ATP hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy by breaking the phosphate bond.

Question 6

During glycolysis, what is the fate of glucose's six carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

They are released as carbon dioxide during subsequent metabolic steps.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy and occurs spontaneously.

Question 8

What is the role of phosphocreatine (PCr) in muscle cells during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

PCr donates a phosphate group to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-life example of the Law of Mass Action in physiology?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen exchange with hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Question 10

If a reaction has a high activation energy barrier, how can it proceed in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

By using enzymes to lower the activation energy barrier.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the rapid turnover of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

The combined action of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 12

What is the significance of entropy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Entropy increases as energy equilibrates, leading to less usable energy.

Question 13

Which of the following is an endergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Glucose synthesis from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 14

How does the Law of Mass Action apply to creatine supplementation in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Supplementation increases the concentration of creatine, pushing the reaction to produce more phosphocreatine and ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a cellular activity that requires ATP?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion of oxygen.

Question 16

What is the main product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate.

Question 17

Which step links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.

Question 18

What happens to the reaction $$A + B \rightleftharpoons C if $$you remove B, according to the Law of Mass Action?

Accepted Answer

The reaction reverses, producing more A and B.

Question 19

Which molecule is produced during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2.$$

Question 20

How many ATP molecules are produced directly from glycolysis per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP.

Cell Metabolism and Glycolysis: Energy, Enzymes, and ATP

Study Guide - Practice Questions