Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a flexible structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink, a process called crenation.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why ions such as Na$$^+$$ and K$$^+$$ cannot freely diffuse across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are hydrophilic and require channel or carrier proteins to cross the hydrophobic lipid bilayer.

Question 5

Which of the following processes requires energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and sorting of proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 9

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is responsible for breaking down damaged organelles and foreign particles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 11

A scientist observes a cell with a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export or membrane insertion

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity and prevents close packing of phospholipids at low temperatures.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and 2 K$$^+$$ into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on the surface of intestinal cells?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and assisting in movement of organelles

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a large number of peroxisomes. Which of the following is a likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Specific molecules bind to receptors on the cell surface, triggering vesicle formation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

It contains DNA, RNA, and proteins, and is surrounded by a double membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is necessary for glucose transport into most cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is large and hydrophilic, requiring a carrier protein to cross the membrane.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of simple diffusion in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood in the lungs

Cell Structure and Function: Comprehensive Study Notes for ANP College Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions