Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for the majority of ATP production in a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 3

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of ribosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why glucose cannot freely pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a large, polar molecule and the bilayer is hydrophobic in its core.

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

A cell is observed to have an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 7

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and providing tracks for organelle movement?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 8

A mutation disrupts the function of lysosomes in a cell. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested cellular debris

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosome subunits.

Question 10

A scientist observes a cell with many cilia on its surface. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Moving substances across the cell surface

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the composition of chromatin?

Accepted Answer

DNA and proteins

Question 13

A cell is unable to assemble microtubules. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome separation during mitosis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for the detoxification of harmful substances and the metabolism of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

A cell with defective Golgi apparatus would have difficulty performing which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Modifying and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the centrosome?

Accepted Answer

It is the site for assembly of microtubules and contains paired centrioles.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export from the cell

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a single, long flagellum. What is the most likely function of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Movement of the cell itself

Cell Structure and Function Study Guide for ANP

Study Guide - Practice Questions